The six types of land title documents.
Land title documents are essential information for anyone looking to buy, sell, or even rent or lease land. These documents serve as legal proof of ownership, possession, and the right to utilize the real estate.
There are several types of land documents, varying in detail depending on the type of property and purpose. Let's get to know each type of land title document.
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What are the different types of land title documents?
Land is a high-value asset, and land ownership in Thailand is based on land title documents, which are crucial evidence identifying who owns or has the right to use that land.
Not all land owners have equal ownership rights, as different types of land title documents have varying levels of legal security. For example, some types allow for buying, selling, and transferring ownership, while others only allow for temporary use.
1. Land Title Deed (or Nor Sor 4 Jor)
This is the primary land document used, especially in Bangkok and its surrounding areas. Issued by the Department of Land, the deed specifies the deed number, the location of the land (subdistrict or district, province), and the names of the first and current owners.
A land title deed details the land, such as its area at the time of issuance, its shape and characteristics, width, length, boundaries with surrounding land, and land boundary markers. It also shows the portion of the land adjacent to a public road or street.
In addition, the title deed keeps a record of any changes in land ownership, such as sales, conditional sales, mortgages, leases, subdivisions, and even gifts or inheritances. Land title deed information can be checked at the land office.
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2. Condominium Ownership Certificate (Form 2)
This document is issued by the Land Department to show ownership of a condominium. Similar to a land title deed, it details the condominium unit, including the land area on which the building is located, the floor number, the total usable area including the balcony, the floor plan and layout, ceiling height, and parking space, as well as rights to common property and other additional details.
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3. Land Title Deed (Form 3 Kor)
This is a land ownership document issued by the Land Department. The method of determining land location uses aerial photographs, so there are no boundary markers or stakes like in land title deeds, and there is a possibility of inaccuracies in the land boundary lines.
Boundary verification is based on fences, markers set up between the landowners themselves, or prominent geographical features such as ridges, canals, or large trees.
When buying land with a Nor Sor 3 Kor document, it is important to pay attention to the origin of its issuance. The land must have a legitimate origin, meaning it must not be located in a national park, forest reserve, or other protected area where ownership is prohibited. Only a legally valid Nor Sor 3 Kor document can be converted into a land title deed.
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4. Land Title Document Nor Sor 3
This is a land title document issued by the Land Department, similar to Nor Sor 3 Kor, but without cadastral maps showing the land location. It only specifies the shape of the land, area, and boundaries, certified by the village headman or community leader in the area.
However, Nor Sor 3 (land title document) has a higher chance of errors than Nor Sor 3 Kor (land title document). It is also crucial to consider the origin of the Nor Sor 3 document; it must have been issued legally.
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5. Nor Kor 3 Land Title Document
This is a land title document issued by self-help settlements in areas designated by the government. Members of the self-help settlement must comply with the settlement's conditions to be able to obtain a land deed from the settlement. There is also a restriction on resale of the land within 5 years, as specified in the deed. If you wish to purchase land within a self-help settlement, you must wait until this period has expired.
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6. Sor Por Kor 4-01 Land Title Document
This document is issued by the Agricultural Land Reform Office with the objective of allocating land to landless farmers. Therefore, the primary criterion for eligibility is being impoverished and landless.
After receiving the land, there is a condition that the land under the Agricultural Land Reform Act (ALRA) 4-01 cannot be bought or sold to others, except in cases where the land is inherited by heirs. Of all the land title documents mentioned, ALRA 4-01 is the only one not issued by the Department of Lands and has no connection whatsoever with the Department of Lands. All procedures are handled by the Office of Agricultural Land Reform.
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